See koud on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "koud"
},
"expansion": "Dutch koud",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "cout"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch cout",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "odt",
"3": "calt"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch calt",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kaldaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kaldaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gel-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch koud, from Middle Dutch cout, from Old Dutch calt, from Proto-Germanic *kaldaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gel-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "koue",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "kouer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "koudste",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "koue",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "koue",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koues",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"independent",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "kouds",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "kouer",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "kouere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"comparative",
"independent",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koueres",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"comparative",
"independent",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kouers",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "koudste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "koudste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "koudstes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"independent",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "koue"
},
"expansion": "koud (attributive koue, comparative kouer, superlative koudste)",
"name": "af-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "koudheid"
},
{
"word": "koue"
},
{
"word": "verkoue"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"english": "It's very cold!",
"text": "Dis baie koud.",
"translation": "It's very cold!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold (of low temperature)"
],
"id": "en-koud-af-adj-d71mxpQq",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kœu̯t/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar-koud.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-koud.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-koud.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-koud.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-koud.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "koud"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gcf",
"2": "fr",
"3": "coudre"
},
"expansion": "French coudre",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French coudre.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gcf",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "koud",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Antillean Creole",
"lang_code": "gcf",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Antillean Creole entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "35 50 0 1 1 4 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 45 0 0 1 3 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sew"
],
"id": "en-koud-gcf-verb-ZJ~JTPGi",
"links": [
[
"sew",
"sew"
]
]
}
],
"word": "koud"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "berekoud"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ijskoud"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "koud kunstje"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "koud laten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "koudbloedig"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "koude kant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kouwe kak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "verkouden"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "koud"
},
{
"lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
"lang_code": "brc",
"word": "kautu"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "koud"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "koude"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "kout"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "kot"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "kou"
},
{
"lang": "Skepi Creole Dutch",
"lang_code": "skw",
"word": "kout"
},
{
"lang": "Kwinti",
"lang_code": "kww",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kowru"
},
{
"lang": "Saramaccan",
"lang_code": "srm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "koto"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "cout"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch cout",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "calt"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch calt",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kald"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kald",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kaldaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kaldaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gel-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch cout, from Old Dutch calt, from Proto-West Germanic *kald, from Proto-Germanic *kaldaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gel-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kouder",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "koudst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "kouder",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het koudst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het koudste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "koude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koudere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koudste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "koud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kouder",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koudste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "koude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "koudere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koudste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "koude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "koudere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "koudste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "kouds",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "kouders",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "koud (comparative kouder, superlative koudst)",
"name": "nl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"koud"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kaltstellen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "warm"
},
{
"word": "heet"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 35 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Temperature",
"orig": "nl:Temperature",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
18
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
5,
9
]
],
"english": "It's cold outside, so make sure to dress warmly.",
"text": "Het is buiten koud, dus zorg ervoor dat je je warm aankleedt.",
"translation": "It's cold outside, so make sure to dress warmly.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold (temperature)"
],
"id": "en-koud-nl-adj-488qPb7o",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "warm"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 35 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
20
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
15,
19
]
],
"english": "He displayed a cold attitude towards his colleagues.",
"text": "Hij toonde een koude houding ten opzichte van zijn collega's.",
"translation": "He displayed a cold attitude towards his colleagues.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold (unfriendly)"
],
"id": "en-koud-nl-adj-9qNpURJy",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 35 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
13
]
],
"text": "Van een koude kermis thuiskomen.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
8
]
],
"text": "De koude kant van de familie.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad, insignificant"
],
"id": "en-koud-nl-adj-3-MvTK~A",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"insignificant",
"insignificant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) bad, insignificant"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɑu̯t/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-koud.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/Nl-koud.ogg/Nl-koud.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Nl-koud.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯t"
},
{
"homophone": "kout"
},
{
"homophone": "kauwt"
}
],
"word": "koud"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ht",
"2": "fr",
"3": "coude",
"4": "",
"5": "elbow"
},
"expansion": "French coude (“elbow”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French coude (“elbow”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ht",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "koud",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Haitian Creole entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ht",
"name": "Body parts",
"orig": "ht:Body parts",
"parents": [
"Anatomy"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"elbow"
],
"id": "en-koud-ht-noun-boXr50WD",
"links": [
[
"elbow",
"elbow"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kud/"
}
],
"word": "koud"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ht",
"2": "fr",
"3": "coudre",
"4": "",
"5": "to sew"
},
"expansion": "French coudre (“to sew”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French coudre (“to sew”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ht",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "koud",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Haitian Creole entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sew"
],
"id": "en-koud-ht-verb-ZJ~JTPGi",
"links": [
[
"sew",
"sew"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to sew"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kud/"
}
],
"word": "koud"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ht:Body parts"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "koudheid"
},
{
"word": "koue"
},
{
"word": "verkoue"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "koud"
},
"expansion": "Dutch koud",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "cout"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch cout",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "odt",
"3": "calt"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch calt",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kaldaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kaldaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gel-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch koud, from Middle Dutch cout, from Old Dutch calt, from Proto-Germanic *kaldaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gel-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "koue",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "kouer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "koudste",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "koue",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "koue",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koues",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"independent",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "kouds",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "kouer",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "kouere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"comparative",
"independent",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koueres",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"comparative",
"independent",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kouers",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "koudste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "koudste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "koudstes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"independent",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "koue"
},
"expansion": "koud (attributive koue, comparative kouer, superlative koudste)",
"name": "af-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans adjectives",
"Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"Afrikaans lemmas",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Afrikaans terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gel-",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Afrikaans terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"english": "It's very cold!",
"text": "Dis baie koud.",
"translation": "It's very cold!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold (of low temperature)"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kœu̯t/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar-koud.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-koud.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-koud.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-koud.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-koud.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "koud"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ht:Body parts"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gcf",
"2": "fr",
"3": "coudre"
},
"expansion": "French coudre",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French coudre.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gcf",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "koud",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Antillean Creole",
"lang_code": "gcf",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Antillean Creole entries with incorrect language header",
"Antillean Creole lemmas",
"Antillean Creole terms derived from French",
"Antillean Creole verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to sew"
],
"links": [
[
"sew",
"sew"
]
]
}
],
"word": "koud"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adjectives",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gel-",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with homophones",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯t",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯t/1 syllable",
"ht:Body parts",
"nl:Temperature"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "berekoud"
},
{
"word": "ijskoud"
},
{
"word": "koud kunstje"
},
{
"word": "koud laten"
},
{
"word": "koudbloedig"
},
{
"word": "koude kant"
},
{
"word": "kouwe kak"
},
{
"word": "verkouden"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "koud"
},
{
"lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
"lang_code": "brc",
"word": "kautu"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "koud"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "koude"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "kout"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "kot"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "kou"
},
{
"lang": "Skepi Creole Dutch",
"lang_code": "skw",
"word": "kout"
},
{
"lang": "Kwinti",
"lang_code": "kww",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kowru"
},
{
"lang": "Saramaccan",
"lang_code": "srm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "koto"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "cout"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch cout",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "calt"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch calt",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kald"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kald",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kaldaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kaldaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gel-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch cout, from Old Dutch calt, from Proto-West Germanic *kald, from Proto-Germanic *kaldaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gel-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kouder",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "koudst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "kouder",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het koudst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het koudste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "koude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koudere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koudste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "koud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kouder",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koudste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "koude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "koudere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koudste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "koude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "koudere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "koudste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "kouds",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "kouders",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "koud (comparative kouder, superlative koudst)",
"name": "nl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"koud"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "kaltstellen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "warm"
},
{
"word": "heet"
}
],
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
18
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
5,
9
]
],
"english": "It's cold outside, so make sure to dress warmly.",
"text": "Het is buiten koud, dus zorg ervoor dat je je warm aankleedt.",
"translation": "It's cold outside, so make sure to dress warmly.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold (temperature)"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "warm"
}
],
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
20
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
15,
19
]
],
"english": "He displayed a cold attitude towards his colleagues.",
"text": "Hij toonde een koude houding ten opzichte van zijn collega's.",
"translation": "He displayed a cold attitude towards his colleagues.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold (unfriendly)"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with rare senses",
"Dutch terms with usage examples",
"Requests for translations of Dutch usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
13
]
],
"text": "Van een koude kermis thuiskomen.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
8
]
],
"text": "De koude kant van de familie.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad, insignificant"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"insignificant",
"insignificant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) bad, insignificant"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɑu̯t/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-koud.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/Nl-koud.ogg/Nl-koud.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Nl-koud.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯t"
},
{
"homophone": "kout"
},
{
"homophone": "kauwt"
}
],
"word": "koud"
}
{
"categories": [
"Haitian Creole entries with incorrect language header",
"Haitian Creole lemmas",
"Haitian Creole nouns",
"Haitian Creole terms derived from French",
"Haitian Creole terms inherited from French",
"Haitian Creole verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ht:Body parts"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ht",
"2": "fr",
"3": "coude",
"4": "",
"5": "elbow"
},
"expansion": "French coude (“elbow”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French coude (“elbow”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ht",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "koud",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"elbow"
],
"links": [
[
"elbow",
"elbow"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kud/"
}
],
"word": "koud"
}
{
"categories": [
"Haitian Creole entries with incorrect language header",
"Haitian Creole lemmas",
"Haitian Creole terms derived from French",
"Haitian Creole terms inherited from French",
"Haitian Creole verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ht:Body parts"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ht",
"2": "fr",
"3": "coudre",
"4": "",
"5": "to sew"
},
"expansion": "French coudre (“to sew”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French coudre (“to sew”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ht",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "koud",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Haitian Creole transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to sew"
],
"links": [
[
"sew",
"sew"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to sew"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kud/"
}
],
"word": "koud"
}
Download raw JSONL data for koud meaning in All languages combined (12.6kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1896",
"msg": "Template nesting error: template_nesting = 1 couldn't split inflection templates, koud/Afrikaans section inflection",
"path": [
"koud"
],
"section": "Afrikaans",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "koud",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.